Indoor pollution is often overlooked compared to outdoor air pollution, yet it poses a significant risk to health. A new study by ENEA and CNR sheds light on the serious dangers of fine particulate matter (PM), specifically PM2.5 and PM0.1, even at low concentrations inside indoor spaces. These fine particles, which originate from urban traffic, penetrate into buildings and change their chemical and physical properties, making them even more dangerous.
The impact of PM2.5 and PM0.1 on indoor air quality
Using an innovative portable biotechnological system, the study analyzed the effects of nanoparticles on indoor air. The researchers focused on lung cells exposed to these particles in a university classroom setting. The study found that traffic and weather conditions, such as rain and wind, can impact the quality of indoor air. Additionally, human presence and ventilation systems also contribute to the toxicity of the particles.
Health risks associated with indoor pollution
PM0.1 nanoparticles increase the risk of serious health problems, such as lung and heart diseases, when they infiltrate indoor environments. These tiny particles can act as carriers for toxic substances, transporting them into the body. Even at low concentrations—below 5 micrograms per cubic meter—these particles can cause significant health issues. The study’s findings provide compelling evidence to update regulations regarding indoor air quality standards.
How outdoor pollution affects indoor air quality
Outdoor pollution, especially in urban areas, plays a key role in determining indoor air quality. Since people in cities spend about 97% of their time indoors, it’s crucial to understand how outdoor pollution seeps into buildings. Traffic and weather conditions can increase the toxicity of particles like PM2.5 and PM0.1 indoors. Once these particles enter buildings, they can interact with other substances, increasing the overall toxic risk. Indoor sources, such as tobacco smoke and cleaning products, can worsen air quality even further.
Recommendations for improving indoor air quality
To address the growing problem of indoor pollution, the researchers recommend implementing continuous monitoring of fine and ultrafine particles in public and private indoor spaces, such as homes, schools, and offices. Stricter regulations could help mitigate the health risks associated with indoor pollution, particularly respiratory and heart diseases. Moreover, outdoor air quality standards should also be updated, as fine particulate matter can cause harm even at extremely low concentrations.
Indoor pollution caused by fine particulate matter like PM2.5 and PM0.1 is a significant and growing health threat. The recent research by ENEA and CNR highlights the need for updated regulations and policies that take into account both indoor and outdoor air quality. It’s essential to consider the impact of weather conditions and outdoor pollution sources to protect public health and ensure safer living environments.
